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Established in 1955, the Department of Education of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is a government organization responsible for overseeing the education system in the Xinjiang region of China. The department is responsible for formulating policies, regulations and guidelines for the education system, as well as implementing and supervising them.

The Xinjiang region is home to a diverse population, including the Uyghur ethnic minority, which makes up the majority of the population. The department plays a crucial role in ensuring that the education system meets the needs of all students, regardless of their ethnicity or background.

The department is responsible for overseeing all levels of education, from preschool to higher education. It works closely with schools and universities to ensure that they provide high-quality education and meet the standards set by the government.

One of the key roles of the department is to promote bilingual education in the region. This means that students are taught in both Mandarin Chinese and their native language, which is typically Uyghur. This is important for preserving the Uyghur language and culture, which has been under threat in recent years.

The department also plays a role in promoting vocational education and training in the region. This is important for providing students with the skills they need to enter the workforce and contribute to the local economy.

In recent years, the department has faced criticism from human rights groups for its role in implementing policies that have been seen as discriminatory towards the Uyghur population. These policies include the use of Mandarin Chinese as the primary language of instruction in schools and the detention of Uyghur students who have studied abroad.

Despite these criticisms, the Department of Education of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region remains an important organization in the region. Its role in promoting bilingual education and vocational training is crucial for the development of the region and it will continue to play a key role in shaping the education system in the years to come.